Adverbial participles are capable of a wide range of meanings, and the translator has to use context to make a decision. In addition, Eph 2:1–7 is one long sentence, and sometimes subjects and verbs need to be moved around as the sentence is broken down into more manageable chunks.
Adverbial Participles: What's a Translator to do? (Eph 2:1)
Bill Mounce